Machine Translation & Its Advantages and Disadvantages
MACHINE TRANSLATION
Machine translation is a process of automatic text translation or content from one language (a source language) into another language (a target language) without human involvement. Machine translation is largely used in translating huge information and content, including millions of words or sentences translated from the source language into the target language. Human translation text is based on grammatical rules and language-related rules that are understandable in a language text and it helps us to understand that information and knowledge. However, there is no particular language that has a word-for-word translation available, so it is understood that sensibility is more important.
Machine translation is computer software to translate text or sentences from one language to another language. It is a task-based automatic converting the source text into the target text. Machine translation is an automated translation of text or sentence from one natural language to another natural language without human involvement.
Russian Smirnov Tioyansky and the Frenchman G.B Artrouni 1980s made the first machine translation. When the computer software converts the text or sentence from one language to another language without human participation. Several translation applications translate the text from the source text into the target text. A basic procedure to translate the test is: Firstly, insert the text, choose the targeted language, and then translate it into the target language. All we have done is the translation now. One of the important aspects of translation is that is it a correct translation or not, this can say a good and bad translation. Every translation has points of strength and points of weakness and every translation is open to improvement.
Nida (1964) suggested the following requirements of a good translation. A Good translator must convey the manner and spirit of the original text. It must have an easy and natural form of expression. Machine translation is programmed in the limited forms of the genre. Machine don't have emotions, gestures, feelings and self-interest, therefore, it translates in a literal form, and emotions will be neglected in the target language.
For example, a Human writes emotions, feelings and gestures in the writing but the machine does not follow these aspects in translation.
On the other hand, machine translation works fast, however, even with the help of machine translation a huge amount of text can be translated quickly. Machine translation helps people to understand the information or the knowledge of an unknown language without the help of human participation. The aim of machine translation is to provide a system that translates the source text into the target text, moreover, this translation must express the same meaning as it is in the source language.
There are two main types of machine translation.
1: RULE-BASED MACHINE TRANSLATION
2: STATISTICAL MACHINE TRANSLATION
1: RULE-BASED MACHINE TRANSLATION
Rule-based machine translation is used to translate language with the help of rules, like grammar, conjunction, articles and so on, it was developed by language experts and dictionaries which can be an analysis or modification of a specific topic. The rule-based translation is a type of machine translation system based on the linguistic information about the source language and the target language, basically, it requires a form and the rules from dictionaries, and it covers the kinds of linguistics including morphology, syntactic and semantics regularities of each language. It also utilizes certain language-related rules and the translation applies these rules in the text.
2: STATISTICAL MACHINE TRANSLATION
This is the second type of machine translation that is not based on language-related rules, dictionaries and words. It learns how to translate by analyzing or interpreting the huge amount of existing data the human translations. It is a database as a source of all existing information. It is programmed in limited forms. It is based on already existing material.
For example, Google Translator translates word by word or sentence by sentence with no chance of any form occurring. It uses the database information to determine whether the words have similar meanings in different languages.
ADVANTAGES OF MACHINE TRANSLATION
1: Timeline
Machine translation can translate more text than humans. Machine translation can handle hundreds of documents translated at a time. Human uses machine translation to save the time
2: Maintains Cost
Machine translation maintains the price quantity because it does not need to translate again and again. Machine translation can translate quickly. On the other hand, a translator charges a huge amount of money.
3: Improves Consistency
Machine translation is improving the texture of translating the content because machine translation can also be customized, therefore, day by day the improved quality can give better results.
4: Different Types of Content can be Translated
Human translators are not a machine, and this is only accessible for machines to perform different tasks at a time. Machine translation can only be dealing with the different content translated at a time, so it is safe to depend on machine translation when there is a high amount of text to translate.
5: Machine Translation is More Efficient
A machine translation generally translates the text which is of any language, so there is no such great concern, while professional translators are specialized in one special field. Confidently machine translation matter makes favourable. For privacy purposes, the machine translation is safe to use.
6: Quick Translation
The system of machine translation is used to enable you to save time while translating the large text source language.
7: Memorize Terms
More importantly, machine translation can memorize the key terms and use them again and again wherever they can be fit.
DISADVANTAGES OF MACHINE TRANSLATION
1. Poor Quality
One of the main drawbacks of machine translation is it may result in low-quality text translation. Machine translations are unable to arrange texts in their right context. Due to a lack of precision, machine translation cannot give the true meaning of the source language, and many ambiguous terms are presented in the text by the machine.
2. Lack of Accuracy
In comparison to a human translation, machine translation cannot provide the same level of accuracy when it comes to translating ambiguous terms. Human translators can comprehend and translate accurately the content.
3. Limited Usage
There is a variety of contexts that cannot be translated in this way. If you want to translate a poem into another language, you should hire a human translator rather than rely on machine translation.
4. Unable to Maintain Style and Expression
Machine translation is incapable of understanding social and cultural nuances, as well as their substance. Machine translation is more likely to produce robotic content that is word for word and emotionless.
5. Lack of Precision
Translating an ambiguous language, machine translation cannot be equal to human translations in terms of accuracy. Human translators with extensive experience can ensure that text is translated precisely, accurately, and consistently.
6. Lack of Superior Exactness
If you need a superior correct translation of formal papers, agreements, and so on, you should avoid using a machine translation system.
7. Offensive to the Reader
The material produced by machine translation algorithms will always be unpleasant due to ambiguous meanings. The machine translation text contains numerous grammatical errors, which are the principal source of reader annoyance.
One of the most significant disadvantages of machine translation is the possibility of low-quality text translation. Machine translations fail to place texts in their proper settings. Machine translation is unable to convey the accurate meaning of the original language due to a lack of precision, and the machine presents many ambiguous terms in the text.
